The technique used for establishing orchards in adverse soil and climatic conditions involves the propagation of mango through softwood grafting. In this method, a v-shaped graft is applied to the newly developed upper part of the plant. This grafting process is undertaken 8-10 months after the rootstock has been established in the field.
Selection of Rootstock
A good rootstock is very important for future production of high quality fruits. Evaluate the rooting ability of the rootstock. A rootstock with a strong and extensive root system contributes to the overall stability and health of the mango tree. About 8 to 10 month old seedlings grown for use as rootstock are considered best for softwood grafting when they begin growth and exhibit bronze colored leaves.
Selection of Scion
Choose a scion from a well-established mango tree that exhibits the desired characteristics, such as fruit quality, size and disease resistance. Select scions from the ends of branches that are about 3-4 months old and have active, healthy terminal buds.
Materials needed: soft wood grafting
1. Mango scion stick
2. Mango rootstock
3. Sharp grafting knife or budding knife
4. Grafting tape or polythene strips
Procedure: soft wood grafting
- Make certain to match scions with rootstock of equal thickness.
- Cut the rootstock seedling horizontally with a sharp knife at the top of the new growth of the rootstock.
- Split the cut upper end of the rootstock through to a depth of about 3-4 cm using a very sharp knife.
- Cut the scion to a final length of about 10-15 cm with a sharp knife.
- Sharpen the lower end of the scion into a V-shape by removing the wood on both sides using a grafting knife.
- Make the V-shape as deep as possible as this will increase the survival rate of the grafted scion. About 3 - 4 cm long is suitable.
- Slide the sharp end of the scion into the slot cut on the rootstock.
- Tie the grafted union tightly with grafting tape or polythene strip.
- Water the grafted plants well. Remove the grafting tape or polythene strip when the wound
is completely healed and the scion starts sprouting.
Conclusion:
This method is done when the rootstock is about 8-10 months old and not suitable for epicotyle grafting. If selection of both rootstock and scions is proper, maximum success in grafting is usually achieved in July and August under Indian conditions. It is important to note that the success of grafting depends on factors such as the skill of the grafter, time of grafting, health of the plant material and environmental conditions.